Coordinated internet protocol packet filtering

ABSTRACT

The present application relates to devices and components including apparatus, systems, and methods for user equipments and network components performing or assisting in packet filtering operations.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present application claims priority to U.S. Provisional ApplicationNo. 63/007,224 filed Apr. 8, 2020 and entitled COORDINATED IP PACKETFILTERING. The disclosure of said application is hereby incorporated byreference in its entirety.

BACKGROUND

The present disclosure generally relates to the field of electroniccommunication, including aspects generally related to coordinatedInternet Protocol (IP) packet filtering in communication networks.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The detailed description is provided with reference to the accompanyingfigures. The use of the same reference numbers in different figuresindicates similar or identical items.

FIG. 1A is a schematic, block diagram illustration of components thatmay be used to implement coordinated IP packet filtering incommunication networks in accordance with various examples discussedherein.

FIG. 1B is a schematic, block diagram illustration of additionalcomponents that may be used to implement coordinated IP packet filteringin communication networks in accordance with various examples discussedherein.

FIG. 1C is a schematic, block diagram illustration of additionalcomponents that may be used to implement coordinated IP packet filteringin communication networks in accordance with various examples discussedherein.

FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating operations to implement coordinated IPpacket filtering in a communication network in accordance with variousexamples discussed herein.

FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating packet filter rules to implementcoordinated IP packet filtering in accordance with various examplesdiscussed herein.

FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating packet filter rules to implementcoordinated IP packet in accordance with various examples discussedherein.

FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating operations in a method to implementcoordinated IP packet filtering in a communication system in accordancewith various examples discussed herein.

FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating route selection rules to implementcoordinated IP packet filtering in accordance with various examplesdiscussed herein.

FIG. 7 is a schematic, block diagram illustration of an informationhandling system in accordance with exemplary embodiments disclosedherein.

FIG. 8 is a schematic, block diagram illustration of components of arepresentative UE in accordance with one or more exemplary embodimentsdisclosed herein.

It will be appreciated that for simplicity and/or clarity ofillustration, elements illustrated in the figures have not necessarilybeen drawn to scale. For example, the dimensions of some of the elementsmay be exaggerated relative to other elements for clarity. Further, ifconsidered appropriate, reference numerals have been repeated among thefigures to indicate corresponding and/or analogous elements.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth inorder to provide a thorough understanding of various examples. However,various examples may be practiced without the specific details. In otherinstances, well-known methods, procedures, components, and circuits havenot been described in detail so as not to obscure the particularexamples. Further, various aspects of examples may be performed usingvarious means, such as integrated semiconductor circuits (“hardware”),computer-readable instructions organized into one or more programs(“software”), or some combination of hardware and software. For thepurposes of this disclosure reference to “logic” shall mean eitherhardware, software, or some combination thereof.

Reference throughout this specification to “one embodiment” or “anembodiment” means that a particular feature, structure or characteristicdescribed in connection with the embodiment is included in at least oneembodiment. Thus, appearances of the phrases “in one embodiment” or “inan embodiment” in various places throughout this specification are notnecessarily all referring to the same embodiment. Furthermore, theparticular features, structures or characteristics may be combined inany suitable manner in one or more embodiments. Additionally, the word“exemplary” is used herein to mean “serving as an example, instance, orillustration.” Any embodiment described herein as “exemplary” is not tobe construed as necessarily preferred or advantageous over otherembodiments. For the purposes of the present document, the phrase “A orB” means (A), (B), or (A and B).

Various operations may be described as multiple discrete operations inturn and in a manner that is most helpful in understanding the claimedsubject matter. The order of description, however, should not beconstrued as to imply that these operations are necessarily orderdependent. In particular, these operations need not be performed in theorder of presentation. Operations described may be performed in adifferent order than the described embodiment. Various additionaloperations may be performed and/or described operations may be omittedin additional embodiments.

Further details and techniques will be described with reference to thenetwork architectures, devices, and methods described below withreference to FIGS. 1A-8.

FIG. 1A is a schematic, block diagram illustration of components in anetwork 100, which may be used to implement coordinated IP packetfiltering in communication networks in accordance with various examplesdiscussed herein. The network 100 may include a user equipment (UE) 111coupled with a base station 110 of a radio access network (RAN) 102. TheRAN 102 may be coupled with a core network (CN) 101. The CN 101 may beresponsible for the overall control of the UEs (including UE 111)connected to the network and establishment of the bearers. The accessnetwork 102 may be responsible for radio-related functions. The UE 111may also be referred to herein as a wireless device (WD) and/or asubscriber station (SS), and can include a machine-to-machine (M2M)-typedevice.

In various embodiments, the network 100 may include a Third GenerationPartnership Project (3GPP) Long Term Evolution (LTE) RAN/CN; New Radio(NR) (or fifth generation (5G)) RAN/CN; or some combination.

In one exemplary configuration, a single cell of the RAN 102 providesone substantially localized geographical transmission point (havingmultiple antenna devices) that provides access to one or more UEs. Inanother exemplary configuration, a single cell of the RAN 102 providesmultiple geographically substantially isolated transmission points (eachhaving one or more antenna devices) with each transmission pointproviding access to one or more UEs simultaneously and with thesignaling bits defined for the one cell so that all UEs share the samespatial signaling dimensioning. For normal user traffic (as opposed tobroadcast), there may be no centralized controller in the access network102; hence the access network 102 may be said to be flat.

FIG. 1B illustrates an example of the network 100 in embodiments inwhich the network 100 includes LTE RAN/CN components. For example, theRAN may be an evolved universal radio access network (EUTRAN) 102B thatis coupled with a CN that may be referred to as an Evolved Packet Core101B. The main exemplary logical nodes of the EPC 101B include, but arenot limited to, a Serving GPRS Support Node SGSN 103, the MobilityManagement Entity (MME) 104, a Home Subscriber Server (HSS) 105, aServing Gate (SGW) 106, a PDN Gateway 107, and a Policy and ChargingRules Function (PCRF) Manager 108. The functionality of each of thenetwork elements of EPC 101B is well known and is not described herein.Each of the network elements of EPC 101B are interconnected bywell-known exemplary standardized interfaces, some of which areindicated in FIG. 1B, such as interfaces S3, S4, and S5, although notdescribed herein.

The EUTRAN 102B is formed by at least one base station that may bereferred to as an evolved NodeB (eNB). In one example, UE 111 may becoupled to the eNB 110B by an LTE-Uu interface. The eNBs may beinterconnected by an interface known as “X2” and may be connected to theEPC 101B by an S1 interface. More specifically, the eNB 110B may beconnected to MME 104 by an S1 MME interface and to SGW 106 by an S1 Uinterface. The protocols that run between the eNBs and the UEs aregenerally referred to as the “AS protocols.” Details of the variousinterfaces are well known and not described herein.

FIG. 1C illustrates an example of the network 100 in embodiments inwhich the network 100 includes 5G CN and an NR RAN. In particular, theCN may be a 5G core network (5GC) 101C and the RAN may be a nextgeneration RAN (NG RAN) 102C. The 5GC 101C may include one or moreAccess and Mobility Management Function/User Plane Function (AMF/UPF)devices 150C1 and 150C2; and the NG RAN 102C may include one or morebase stations such as, for example, next generation node Bs (gNBs) 110C1and 110C2 and one or more next generation eNBs (ng-eNBs) 110C3 and110C4. The AMF/UFP devices 150C may be communicatively coupled to thebase stations via NG interfaces. The base stations may becommunicatively coupled to one another via Xn interfaces.

Referring again to FIG. 1A, the base station 110 hosts the Physical(PHY), Medium Access Control (MAC), Radio Link Control (RLC), and PacketData Control Protocol (PDCP) layers, which include the functionality ofuser-plane header-compression and encryption. The base station 110 alsoprovides Radio Resource Control (RRC) functionality corresponding to thecontrol plane, and performs many functions including radio resourcemanagement, admission control, scheduling, enforcement of negotiateduplink (UL) quality of service (QoS), cell information broadcast,ciphering/deciphering of user and control plane data, andcompression/decompression of downlink (DL)/UL user plane packet headers.

The RRC layer in the base station 110 may cover functions related to theradio bearers, such as radio bearer control, radio admission control,radio mobility control, scheduling and dynamic allocation of resourcesto UEs in both uplink and downlink, header compression for efficient useof the radio interface, security of all data sent over the radiointerface. The RRC layer may: make handover decisions based on neighborcell measurements sent by the UE 111; generate pages for the UE 111over-the-air; broadcast system information; control UE measurementreporting, such as the periodicity of Channel Quality Information (CQI)reports; and allocate cell-level temporary identifiers to active UEs111. The RRC layer may also execute transfer of UE context from a sourcebase station to a target base station during handover and provideintegrity protection for RRC messages. Additionally, the RRC layer maybe responsible for the setting up and maintenance of radio bearers.

In some examples, communication over a network such as network 100 maybe digitized and assigned to discrete frames, each of which may containsubframes. Each subframe of the frame, in turn, may contain multipleslots. In some examples, the base station 110 may schedule uplink anddownlink transmissions over a variety of frequency bands. The allocationof resources in subframes used in one frequency band may differ fromthose in another frequency band. Each slot of the subframe may contain apredetermined number symbols, depending on the system used. In someembodiments, the subframe may contain 12 or 24 subcarriers.

A resource grid may be used for downlink and uplink transmissionsbetween the base station 110 and the UE 111. The resource grid may be atime-frequency grid, which is the physical resource in each slot. Thesmallest time-frequency unit in a resource grid may be denoted as aresource element (RE).

Each column and each row of the resource grid may correspond to oneorthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol and onesubcarrier, respectively. The resource grid may contain resource blocks(RBs) that describe the mapping of physical channels to resourceelements and physical RBs (PRBs). In some networking protocols, a PRBmay be the smallest unit of resources that can be allocated to a UE. Insome examples, a resource block may be 180 kHz wide in frequency and 1slot long in time. In frequency, resource blocks may be either 12×15kilohertz (kHz) subcarriers or 12×30 kHz subcarriers wide. For somechannels and signals, 12 subcarriers may be used per resource block,depending on the system bandwidth. In some examples, the duration of aresource grid in the time domain may correspond to one subframe or tworesource blocks. For example, each resource grid may comprise 12(subcarriers)*14 (symbols)=168 resource elements for normal cyclicprefix (CP) case. Several different physical channels may be conveyedusing such resource blocks. In a 5G network, the sizes of the resourceblocks, resource elements, and symbols, among others, may vary.

There may be several different physical downlink channels that areconveyed using such resource blocks, including the physical downlinkcontrol channel (PDCCH) and the physical downlink shared channel(PDSCH). Each subframe may contain a PDCCH and the PDSCH. In somesystems, the PDCCH may occupy up to the first three symbols (four in thecase of narrow bandwidths of 1.4 MHz) of each subframe and carry, amongother things, information about the transport format and resourceallocations related to the PDSCH channel and uplink scheduling grantsfor a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) transmission.

The PDSCH may carry user data and higher layer signaling to a particularUE and occupy the remainder of the downlink subframe to avoid theresources in which downlink control channels (PDCCH) are transmitted.Typically, downlink scheduling (assigning control and shared channelresource blocks to UEs within a cell) may be performed at the basestation based on channel quality information provided by the UEs, andthen the downlink resource assignment information may be sent to ascheduled UE on the PDCCH used for (assigned to) PDSCH reception of theUE.

The PDCCH may contain downlink control information (DCI) in one of anumber of formats that tell the UE where to find and how to decode thedata, transmitted on PDSCH in the same subframe, from the resource grid.The DCI may provide details such as the number of resource blocks,resource allocation type, modulation scheme, transport block, redundancyversion, or coding rate. Each DCI format may have a cyclic redundancycode (CRC) and be scrambled with a Radio Network Temporary Identifier(RNTI) that identifies the target UE for which the PDSCH is intended.Use of the RNTI, which may be UE-specific, may limit decoding of the DCIinformation (and hence the corresponding PDSCH) to only the intended UE.

The PDCCH may be located in any of a number of frequency/temporalregions, depending on whether the PDCCH is UE-specific or common, aswell as the aggregation level. The set of possible candidate locationsfor the PDCCH is defined in terms of search spaces. A search space isdefined by a set of Control Channel Element (CCE) candidates with anumber of aggregation level Lϵ{1, 2, 4, 8} where the UE may monitor tofind its PDCCHs. A common search space may carry DCIs that are commonfor all UEs; for example, system information (using the SI-RNTI), paging(P-RNTI), PRACH responses (RA-RNTI), or UL TPC commands(TPC-PUCCH/PUSCH-RNTI).

A UE-specific search space may carry DCIs for UE-specific allocationsusing a Cell Radio-Network Temporary Identifier (C-RNTI) assigned to theUE, a semi-persistent scheduling (SPS C-RNTI), or an initial allocation(temporary C-RNTI). When configuring an SPS (either uplink or downlink),the SPS C-RNTI is provided by the eNB and the UE is configured by higherlayers to decode a PDCCH with a CRC scrambled by the SPS C-RNTI. The UEmay monitor the PDCCH having a CRC scrambled by the SPS C-RNTI in everysubframe as the eNB can activate/re-activate/release the SPS at any timeusing a DCI format with a CRC scrambled by an SPS C-RNTI. The receivedDCI format with a CRC scrambled by the SPS C-RNTI can be agrant/assignment for a retransmission or foractivation/re-activation/release of the SPS.

In addition to the PDCCH, an enhanced PDCCH (EPDCCH) may be used by thebase station 110 and the UE 111. The PDSCH may include data in some ofthe RBs and the EPDCCH may include downlink control signals in othersRBs of the bandwidth supported by the UE 111. Different UEs may havedifferent EPDCCH configurations. The sets of RBs corresponding to EPDCCHmay be configured, for example, by higher layer signaling such as RadioResource Control (RRC) signaling for EPDCCH monitoring.

The Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) may be used by the UE 111 tosend Uplink Control Information (UCI) to the base station 110. The PUCCHmay be mapped to an UL control channel resource defined by an orthogonalcover code and two RBs, consecutive in time, with hopping potentially atthe boundary between adjacent slots. The PUCCH may take severaldifferent formats, with the UCI containing information dependent on theformat. Specifically, the PUCCH may contain a scheduling request (SR),acknowledgement responses/retransmission requests (ACK/NACK) or aChannel Quality Indication (CQI)/Channel State Information (CSI). TheCQI/CSI may indicate to the base station 110 an estimate of the currentdownlink channel conditions as seen by the UE to aid channel-dependentscheduling and, if one multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO)transmission mode is configured to the UE, may include MIMO-relatedfeedback (e.g. precoder matrix indication (PMI)).

FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating operations in a method to implementcoordinated IP packet filtering in a communication network in accordancewith various examples discussed herein. The diagram of FIG. 2illustrates signaling and operations among various network entitiesincluding, for example, a NAS 210, an AS 215, an application processor(AP) 220, a data path processing engine (DPPE) 225, and an L2 entity230. FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating packet filter rules to implementcoordinated IP packet filtering in accordance with various examplesdiscussed herein. Referring to FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, in some examples IPflows may be classified into a Quality of Service (QoS) Flow Identifier(QFI) per protocol data unit (PDU) session. The QFI essentially definesthe QoS handling for the flow, e.g., 5QoS Indicator (5QI) or GuaranteedFlow Bit Rate (GFBR). Multiple IP flows may map to a single QFI. At anytime, one service data flow (SDF) may be mapped to one and only one QFI.

In some examples, SDF-to-QFI mapping may be configured in the non-accessstratum (NAS) 5G session management (5GSM) signaling. Alternatively, theSDF-to-QFI mapping may be implicitly updated by network via in-bandservice data adaptation protocol (SDAP) header modification in thedownload (DL) direction by setting reflective QoS Indicator (RQI) bit to1.

The QFIs may then be mapped to a data radio bearer (DRB). Multiple QFIsmay get mapped to a single DRB. At any time one QFI may be mapped to oneand only one DRB. QFI-to-DRB mapping may get updated either out of band,for example by an RRCReconfiguration, or inband, for example by SDAPReflective QoS by setting a reflective QOS-to-DRB mapping indication(RDI) bit to 1. If no rule is applied, then a default DRB for a PDUsession may be used.

The following parameters may be defined for 3GPP networks: (1) themaximum number of PDU Sessions per subscriber identity module (SIM) at15; (2) the maximum number of packet filters allowed to be configuredper QFI at 16; and (3) the maximum number of QFIs allowed to beconfigured per PDU Session at 64.

Thus, in some embodiments, the maximum number of packet filters possibleper PDU session=(16*64)=1024, and the maximum number of packet filtersacross all PDU sessions=1024*15=15360. Analogously, in some embodiments,the minimum number of packet filters the network expects a UE to support(per PDU session)=16, and a maximum number of packet filters expected tobe supported by UE (per PDU session)=1024.

In some circumstances, this may create a number of challenges. Packetfilter implementations are typically done in hardware due to heavyprocessing requirements. As an example, with UL throughput of ˜6 Gbps,considering a mix of TCP ACK+TCP data packets, one new IP packet may beexpected every 0.9946 microseconds. Thus, hardware may be under heavyresource constraints to run packet filters to accurately classify thepacket within the deadline. Packet filtering may involve the UE lookinginto multiple headers (e.g., IP/TCP/ESP/AH) to make final decision aboutmatching filters. Incorrect packet filtering may lead to criticalpackets classified over wrong QFI (e.g., ultra-reliable low-latencycommunication (URLLC) packets may go over default internet PDU session).Due to network slicing, URLLC and other 5G features, simultaneoustraffic from multiple PDU sessions expected on UL/DL may lead to ahigher packet filtering load. Additionally, memory constraints on adevice may be strained to store such a large number of filters.

Described herein are multiple different techniques to address these andother issues. FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating packet filter rules toimplement coordinated IP packet in accordance with various examplesdiscussed herein. Referring to FIG. 4, in some examples of a firsttechnique, a UE may indicate to the network in a REGISTRATION REQUESTthe maximum packet filter rules it supports in total, across all PDUsessions at baseband. This information may be taken into account by asession management function (SMF) and/or policy control function (PCF)while setting up QoS rules when establishing a new PDU session. Inaddition, a UE may also continue to indicate the maximum packet filterrules per PDU session.

In some examples, to adhere to and respect a UE's maximum packet filtersupport, the network may de-prioritize the packet filter rules in orderof precedence, for example, lowest precedence rules may be deleted.Furthermore, when new PDU sessions are being created, to adhere to themaximum UE packet filter support, the network may delete certain packetfilter rules on other PDU sessions. In some examples, the network mayprioritize deleting packet filters that are associated with non-GBR(guaranteed bit rate) QFIs, for example, the network may attempt tocontinue to configure packet filter rules that are associated with GBRQFIs.

In some examples, a UE may also indicate to the network, as part ofREGISTRATION REQUEST, PDU SESSION ESTABLISHMENT REQUEST, or PDU SESSIONMODIFICATION REQUEST, the UE's support for each individual filterattributes for a packet filter (e.g., 0 to 11 in the table depicted inFIG. 4). In some examples, the rules depicted in FIG. 4 may beimplemented in a new IE “Supported filter attributes for QoS rules; as a2-byte field, where each bit corresponds to a particular filterattribute. In some examples, the network is expected to prune the QoSfilter rules, and only configure the filter rule that includes filterattributes supported by the UE. If a filter rule is configured, and theUE does not support a specific filter attribute in this rule, the UE maydelete or ignore the rule. This optimization may help UE implementationsskip performing complex packet filtering rules such as decoding theencapsulating security payload (ESP) and authentication header (AH)headers for security parameter index attribute.

FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating operations in a method to implementcoordinated IP packet filtering in a communication system in accordancewith various examples discussed herein. Referring to FIG. 5, in anotherexample, the UE may provide feedback when excessive filter rules areconfigured. In some examples, the UE hardware load may be dynamic, e.g.,based on other activities ongoing in the system. Thus, it may bepossible that at certain times of operations, the UE is able to handle agiven number (n) filters, but when system load is high, the UE supportreduces to a lower value. In such cases, when a network configuresexcessive QoS rules in a PDU session establishment accept, the UE mayhave the ability to indicate this feedback to the network. Asillustrated in FIG. 5, a UE may at this point take a call for furtheraction based on currently active sessions. For example, a UE mayinitiate a ‘PDU SESSION MODIFICATION REQUEST,’ as part of this message.The UE may indicate: (1) a 5GSM cause value set to new cause, forexample, insufficient resources available for packet filtering, (2) amaximum number of supported packet filters, for example, <lesser valuethan originally advertised>, (3) optionally, a UE may also include ‘QoSrules’ IE as part of the message to explicitly indicate to the networkon which QoS rules it will continue processing. Alternatively, a UE mayinitiate a ‘PDU SESSION RELEASE REQUEST’ of different already configuredPDU sessions that might be of a lower priority to UE.

In another example, a UE may be provided with processing capabilities toprioritize certain PDU sessions, and thus appropriately prioritizeconfiguring packet filtering rules for prioritized PDU sessions beforeconfiguring packet filters for remaining PDU sessions. Criteria forchoosing important PDU sessions may be based on type of network slice(for example, URLLC or vehicle to everything (V2X)), which may bedetermined based on single-network slice selection identifier (S-NSSAI).Traffic for these (or other) types of network slices may be consideredcritical and may rely on proper classification. Additional/alternativecriteria for choosing important PDU sessions may be whether the PDUsessions serve voice or video applications. This type of traffic may besensitive to delay and latency and may benefit from being classified tocorrect QFI/DRB.

Within a particular PDU session, a UE may apply prioritization based on:a precedence value of the QoS rule (e.g., existing behavior); a 5-tuplebased filter rule; or a non 5-tuple based filter rule. However, it mayhappen that UE hardware takes excessive cycles to process complex rulessuch as looking into ESP/AH headers. In such cases, a UE maydeprioritize examining packet filters that are configured to executesuch rules. In some embodiments, a UE may consider prioritizing QoSrules that are associated with GBR QFIs.

In another example, as part of the PDU SESSION ESTABLISHMENT ACCEPT, thenetwork may indicate a priority for the PDU session based at least inpart on the network's guidance of which PDU session should be treated ashigher priority/importance for this UE. This may be based on knowledgeof the UE's subscription. For example, if a user has paid extra amountsto subscribe for a gaming slice/PDU session, the network may choose toindicate this PDU session is a high priority.

In another example, a UE may implement techniques to indicate accuratepacket filter support on a per-PDU session basis. In one example, UEhardware may support a maximum of, for example, 1000 packet filters.Thus, based on existing 3GPP specifications, a UE may need to advertiseper-PDU-session maximum packet filter support.

In one technique, a UE statically divides the maximum packet filtersupport equally among all supported PDU sessions. For example, if a UEsupports a total of 8 PDU sessions, the UE will then indicate(1000/8)=125 packet filter support per PDU session. In anothertechnique, a UE may implement adaptive reduction in packet filtersupport based on currently active PDU sessions. For example, when justone PDU session is active, a UE will indicate packet filter support forthis PDU session=1000. When a second PDU session is established, the UEwill indicate packet filter support=500 (for the new PDU session). Forthe already existing PDU session, UE may initiate a PDU sessionmodification procedure to indicate support for just 500 packet filters.

In another technique, a UE may implement implicit adaptive reduction inthe packet filter support. For example, based on the maximum packetfilter support indicated using the previous technique, both the networkand the UE may implicitly adjust the supported packet filter based on anumber of active PDU sessions. In this technique, no explicit PDUSESSION MODIFICATION signaling may be needed.

In another technique, a UE may adapt to an appropriate value based on apast history of configuration of packet filters for a particular PDUsession. For example, for a URLLC PDU session, the first time a UE isestablishing a PDU session, the UE may indicate support for a maximum(for example, 1000) packet filters. Once the network configures thepacket filters for this PDU session, the UE may save the number ofpacket filters that were actually configured (e.g., 320). The next timea UE needs to establish a URLLC PDU session (for example, after reboot),the UE may indicate support for 320 packet filters for this PDU session.

FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating route selection rules to implementcoordinated IP packet filtering in accordance with various examplesdiscussed herein. Referring to FIG. 6, in some examples UE routeselection policy (URSP) rules indicate to the UE how to route specifictraffic to a specific PDU session. In some examples, traffic to a remoteIP address and/or remote port number gets routed via PDU Session 1,traffic to *.icloud.com (Domain based routing) gets routed via PDUsession 2; traffic originating from a vendor's app (appID based routing)gets routed via PDU session 3. At the end of this step, any IP flowshould be routed via the right PDU session. At any time one IP flow maybe mapped to one and only one PDU session.

As seen in FIG. 6, the traffic descriptors for URSP rules include:domain name based descriptors (for example, *.apple.com); App ID basedtraffic descriptors (for example, all traffic from app1 gets routedthrough S-NSSAI 1); and regular 5-tuple based traffic descriptors (forexample, src/dest IP addr or src/dest port number).

UE modem implementations and/or upper layers may not have capability toexecute or identify some of the complex traffic descriptors, forexample, domain name based routing and/or application identifier-basedrouting, based on reception of IP packet from the host. This is becauseit is non-trivial to identify the domain name/app ID based on just thereceived IP packet from a host. Due to this, a UE may incorrectly routea user IP packet via the wrong PDU session, leading to unpredictableuser experience. For example, a packet from a URLLC application may getrouted via regular best effort internet PDU session. Additionally,currently the network may configure a maximum of 255 URSP rules.However, due to memory and processing constraints, a UE may not have thecapability to handle and execute 255 URSP rules per IP packet. Thismight lead to significant performance issues with higher per packetprocessing time leading to lower throughput. Thus, it is desired to havesome improvements in this area.

In another example, the UE may indicate the supported traffic descriptoridentification for URSP rules in a NAS REGISTRATION REQUEST message. Forexample, a “Supported Traffic Descriptors for URSP” can be a 1-bytefield, where each bit in the field indicates support for a particulartraffic descriptor that may be configured in URSP. For example, a bitset to 0 value may indicate that the UE does not support this particulartraffic descriptor identification, while a bit set to 1 value mayindicate that the UE does support this particular traffic descriptoridentification. The field may include: bit 0 to indicate support fordomain based traffic descriptor; bit 1 to indicate support for appIDbased traffic descriptor; bit 2 to indicate support for connectioncapability based traffic descriptor; bit 3 to indicate support for IPbased descriptors; bit 4 to indicate support for non-IP descriptor; andbits 5-8 may be reserved for future use.

In another example, the UE may indicate to the network the maximum limitof URSP policy rules it can handle in a REGISTRATION REQUEST. In thisexample, the PCF may take this into account and include only the highestprecedence URSP rules for this device within the maximum limit.

Access traffic steering, switching, and splitting (ATSSS) policyincludes a prioritized list of ATSSS rules. Each ATSSS rule includes asteering mode that is to be applied to traffic matching the rule. TheATSSS policy is sent to a UE for UL traffic steering and to user planefunction (UPF) for DL traffic steering. Example rules include thefollowing:

ATSSS Rule #1—Precedence 1

-   -   Traffic Descriptor: Application 1 [OSId+OSAppId]    -   Steering Mode: Active Standby; Active Access: 3GPP; Standby        Access:

Non-3GPP

ATSSS Rule #2—Precedence 2

-   -   Traffic Descriptor: TCP flow to destination IP address 1.2.3.4    -   Steering Mode: Load Balancing, 3GPP=20%, Non-3GPP=80%    -   Steering Functionality: MPTCP

ATSSS Rule #3—Precedence 3

-   -   Traffic Filter: UDP flow to destination Port 8080    -   Steering Mode: Smallest Delay

ATSSS Rule #4—Priority Default

-   -   Traffic Descriptor: All Traffic    -   Steering Mode: Active Standby; Active Access: Non-3GPP; Standby        Access: 3GPP.

In some examples, the UE may indicate the supported traffic descriptoridentification for ATSSS rules in the NAS REGISTRATION REQUEST message.The “Supported Traffic Descriptors for ATSSS” may be implemented as a1-byte field, where each bit indicates support for a particular trafficdescriptor that may be configured in URSP. A bit set to 0 value mayindicate that the UE does not support this particular traffic descriptoridentification, while a bit set to 1 value may indicate that the UE doessupport this particular traffic descriptor identification. The field mayinclude: bit 0 to indicate support for domain based traffic descriptor;bit 1 to indicate support for appID based traffic descriptor; bit 2 toindicate support for connection capability based traffic descriptor; bit3 to indicate support for IP-based descriptors; bit 4 to indicatesupport for non-IP descriptor; and bits 5-8 may be reserved for futureuse.

In another example, the UE may indicate the maximum limit of ATSSSpolicy rules it can handle to the NW in the REGISTRATION REQUEST. In theexample, the PCF may take this into account and include only the highestprecedence ATSSS rules for this device within the maximum limit.Optionally, the UE may combine the feedback for “Supported TrafficDescriptors” for both ATSSS and URSP into a single indication to NW.

FIG. 7 is a schematic, block diagram illustration of an informationhandling system in accordance with exemplary embodiments disclosedherein. Information handling system 700 of FIG. 7 may tangibly embodyone or more of any of the exemplary devices, exemplary network elementsand/or functional entities of the network as shown in and describedherein. In one example, information-handling system 700 may representbase station 110 or UE 111, with greater or fewer components dependingon the hardware specifications of the particular device or networkelement. In another example, information-handling system may provideM2M-type device capability. Although information-handling system 700represents one example of several types of computing platforms,information-handling system 700 may include more or fewer elementsand/or different arrangements of elements than shown in FIG. 7, and thescope of the claimed subject matter is not limited in these respects.

In one or more examples, information-handling system 700 may compriseapplication circuitry 710 and a baseband processor 712. Applicationcircuitry 710, which may also be referred to as application processor710, may be utilized as a general purpose processor to run applicationsand the various subsystems for information handling system 700, and toprovide an uplink-transmit-power control technique that reducesinterference experienced at other wireless devices according to thesubject matter disclosed herein. Application circuitry 710 may include asingle core or alternatively may include multiple processing coreswherein one or more of the cores may comprise a digital signal processoror digital signal processing core. Furthermore, application circuitry710 may include a graphics processor or coprocessor disposed on the samechip, or alternatively a graphics processor coupled to applicationcircuitry 710 may comprise a separate, discrete graphics chip.Application circuitry 710 may include on-board memory, such as cachememory, and further may be coupled to external memory devices such assynchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM) 714 for storing and/orexecuting applications. NAND flash 716 may be used for storingapplications and/or data even when information handling system 700 ispowered off.

In one example, baseband processor 712 may control the broadband radiofunctions for information-handling system 700. Baseband processor 712may store code for controlling such broadband radio functions in a NORflash 718. Baseband processor 712 controls a wireless wide area network(WWAN) transceiver 720 that may be used for modulating and/ordemodulating broadband network signals, for example, for communicatingvia a 3GPP NR network as discussed herein with respect to FIG. 1. TheWWAN transceiver 720 couples to one or more power amplifiers 722 thatare respectively coupled to one or more antennas 724 for sending andreceiving radio-frequency signals via the WWAN broadband network. Thebaseband processor 712 also may control a wireless local area network(WLAN) transceiver 726 coupled to one or more suitable antennas 728 thatmay be capable of communicating via a WLAN or other standard. It shouldbe noted that these are merely exemplary implementations for applicationcircuitry 710 and baseband processor 712, and the scope of the claimedsubject matter is not limited in these respects. For example, any one ormore of SDRAM 714, NAND flash 716 and/or NOR flash 718 may compriseother types of memory technology, such as magnetic-based memory,chalcogenide-based memory, phase-change-based memory, optical-basedmemory, or ovonic-based memory, and the scope of the claimed subjectmatter is not limited in this respect.

In one or more embodiments, application circuitry 710 may drive adisplay 730 for displaying various information or data, and may furtherreceive touch input from a user via a touch screen 732, for example, viaa finger or a stylus. In one exemplary embodiment, screen 732 displays amenu and/or options to a user that are selectable via a finger and/or astylus for entering information into information-handling system 700.

An ambient light sensor 734 may be utilized to detect an amount ofambient light in which information-handling system 700 is operating, forexample, to control a brightness or contrast value for display 730 as afunction of the intensity of ambient light detected by ambient lightsensor 734. One or more cameras 736 may be utilized to capture imagesthat are processed by application circuitry 710 and/or at leasttemporarily stored in NAND flash 716. Furthermore, application circuitrymay be coupled to a gyroscope 738, accelerometer 740, magnetometer 742,audio coder/decoder (CODEC) 744, and/or global positioning system (GPS)controller 746 coupled to an appropriate GPS antenna 748, for detectionof various environmental properties including location, movement, and/ororientation of information-handling system 700. Alternatively,controller 746 may comprise a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)controller. Audio CODEC 744 may be coupled to one or more audio ports750 to provide microphone input and speaker outputs either via internaldevices and/or via external devices coupled to the information-handlingsystem 700 via the audio ports 750, for example, via a headphone andmicrophone jack. In addition, application circuitry 710 may couple toone or more input/output (I/O) transceivers 752 to couple to one or moreI/O ports 754 such as a universal serial bus (USB) port, ahigh-definition multimedia interface (HDMI) port, or a serial port.Furthermore, one or more of the I/O transceivers 752 may couple to oneor more memory slots 756 for optional removable memory, such as securedigital (SD) card or a subscriber identity module (SIM) card, althoughthe scope of the claimed subject matter is not limited in theserespects.

As used herein, the term “circuitry” may refer to, be part of, orinclude an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), an electroniccircuit, a processor (shared, dedicated, or group), and/or memory(shared, dedicated, or group) that execute one or more software orfirmware programs, a combinational logic circuit, and/or other suitablehardware components that provide the described functionality. In someembodiments, the circuitry may be implemented in, or functionsassociated with the circuitry may be implemented by, one or moresoftware or firmware modules. In some embodiments, circuitry may includelogic, at least partially operable in hardware.

FIG. 8 is a schematic, block diagram illustration of components of arepresentative UE device in accordance with one or more exemplaryembodiments disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the UE 800 may besimilar to, and substantially interchangeable with, UE 111. The UE 800may include application circuitry 802, baseband circuitry 804, RadioFrequency (RF) circuitry 806, front-end module (FEM) circuitry 808 andone or more antennas 810, coupled together at least as shown.

The application circuitry 802 may include application circuitry. Forexample, the application circuitry 802 may include circuitry such as,but not limited to, one or more single-core or multi-core processors.The processor(s) may include any combination of general-purposeprocessors and dedicated processors (e.g., graphics processors orapplication processors). The processors may be coupled with and/or mayinclude memory/storage and may be configured to execute instructionsstored in the memory/storage to enable various applications and/oroperating systems to run on the system.

The baseband circuitry 804 may include circuitry such as, but notlimited to, one or more single-core or multi-core processors. Thebaseband circuitry 804 may include one or more baseband processorsand/or control logic to process baseband signals received from a receivesignal path of the RF circuitry 806 and to generate baseband signals fora transmit signal path of the RF circuitry 806. Baseband processingcircuitry 804 may interface with the application circuitry 802 forgeneration and processing of the baseband signals and for controllingoperations of the RF circuitry 806. For example, in some embodiments,the baseband circuitry 804 may include a second generation (2G) basebandprocessor 804 a, third generation (3G) baseband processor 804 b, fourthgeneration (4G) baseband processor 804 c, and/or a 5G baseband processor804 d. It will be appreciated that baseband circuitry 804 may compriseone or more additional baseband processors for other existinggenerations, generations in development or to be developed in the future(for example, 6G). The baseband circuitry 804 (for example, one or moreof baseband processors 804 a-d) may handle various radio controlfunctions that enable communication with one or more radio networks viathe RF circuitry 806. The radio control functions may include, but arenot limited to, signal modulation/demodulation, encoding/decoding, radiofrequency shifting, etc. In some embodiments, modulation/demodulationcircuitry of the baseband circuitry 804 may include Fast-FourierTransform (FFT), precoding, and/or constellation mapping/demappingfunctionality. In some embodiments, encoding/decoding circuitry of thebaseband circuitry 804 may include convolution, tail-biting convolution,turbo, Viterbi, and/or Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) encoder/decoderfunctionality. Embodiments of modulation/demodulation andencoder/decoder functionality are not limited to these examples and mayinclude other suitable functionality in other embodiments.

In some embodiments, the baseband circuitry 804 may include elements ofa protocol stack such as, for example, elements of an EUTRAN/NR protocolincluding, for example, physical (PHY), media access control (MAC),radio link control (RLC), packet data convergence protocol (PDCP),and/or radio resource control (RRC) elements. A central processing unit(CPU) 804 e of the baseband circuitry 804 may be configured to runelements of the protocol stack for signaling of the PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCPand/or RRC layers. In some embodiments, the baseband circuitry mayinclude one or more audio digital signal processor(s) (DSP) 804 f. Theaudio DSP(s) 804 f may include elements for compression/decompressionand echo cancellation and may include other suitable processing elementsin other embodiments. Components of the baseband circuitry may besuitably combined in a single chip, a single chipset, or disposed on asame circuit board in some embodiments. In some embodiments, some or allof the constituent components of the baseband circuitry 804 and theapplication circuitry 802 may be implemented together such as, forexample, on a system on a chip (SOC).

In some embodiments, the baseband circuitry 804 may provide forcommunication compatible with one or more radio technologies. Forexample, in some embodiments, the baseband circuitry 804 may supportcommunication with an EUTRAN/NR and/or other wireless metropolitan areanetworks (WMAN), a wireless local area network (WLAN), or a wirelesspersonal area network (WPAN). Embodiments in which the basebandcircuitry 804 is configured to support radio communications of more thanone wireless protocol may be referred to as multi-mode basebandcircuitry.

RF circuitry 806 may enable communication with wireless networks usingmodulated electromagnetic radiation through a non-solid medium. Invarious embodiments, the RF circuitry 806 may include switches, filters,or amplifiers to facilitate the communication with the wireless network.RF circuitry 806 may include a receive signal path which may includecircuitry to down-convert RF signals received from the FEM circuitry 808and provide baseband signals to the baseband circuitry 804. RF circuitry806 may also include a transmit signal path which may include circuitryto up-convert baseband signals provided by the baseband circuitry 804and provide RF output signals to the FEM circuitry 808 for transmission.

In some embodiments, the RF circuitry 806 may include a receive signalpath and a transmit signal path. The receive signal path of the RFcircuitry 806 may include mixer circuitry 806 a, amplifier circuitry 806b and filter circuitry 806 c. The transmit signal path of the RFcircuitry 806 may include filter circuitry 806 c and mixer circuitry 806a. RF circuitry 806 may also include synthesizer circuitry 806 d forsynthesizing a frequency for use by the mixer circuitry 806 a of thereceive signal path and the transmit signal path. In some embodiments,the mixer circuitry 806 a of the receive signal path may be configuredto down-convert RF signals received from the FEM circuitry 808 based onthe synthesized frequency provided by synthesizer circuitry 806 d. Theamplifier circuitry 806 b may be configured to amplify thedown-converted signals and the filter circuitry 806 c may be a low-passfilter (LPF) or band-pass filter (BPF) configured to remove unwantedsignals from the down-converted signals to generate output basebandsignals. Output baseband signals may be provided to the basebandcircuitry 804 for further processing. In some embodiments, the outputbaseband signals may be zero-frequency baseband signals, although thisis not a requirement. In some embodiments, mixer circuitry 806 a of thereceive signal path may comprise passive mixers, although the scope ofthe embodiments is not limited in this respect.

In some embodiments, the mixer circuitry 806 a of the transmit signalpath may be configured to up-convert input baseband signals based on thesynthesized frequency provided by the synthesizer circuitry 806 d togenerate RF output signals for the FEM circuitry 808. The basebandsignals may be provided by the baseband circuitry 804 and may befiltered by filter circuitry 806 c. The filter circuitry 806 c mayinclude a low-pass filter (LPF), although the scope of the embodimentsis not limited in this respect.

In some embodiments, the mixer circuitry 806 a of the receive signalpath and the mixer circuitry 806 a of the transmit signal path mayinclude two or more mixers and may be arranged for quadraturedownconversion and/or upconversion respectively. In some embodiments,the mixer circuitry 806 a of the receive signal path and the mixercircuitry 806 a of the transmit signal path may include two or moremixers and may be arranged for image rejection (e.g., Hartley imagerejection). In some embodiments, the mixer circuitry 806 a of thereceive signal path and the mixer circuitry 806 a may be arranged fordirect downconversion and/or direct upconversion, respectively. In someembodiments, the mixer circuitry 806 a of the receive signal path andthe mixer circuitry 806 a of the transmit signal path may be configuredfor super-heterodyne operation.

In some embodiments, the output baseband signals and the input basebandsignals may be analog baseband signals, although the scope of theembodiments is not limited in this respect. In some alternateembodiments, the output baseband signals and the input baseband signalsmay be digital baseband signals. In these alternate embodiments, the RFcircuitry 806 may include analog-to-digital converter (ADC) anddigital-to-analog converter (DAC) circuitry and the baseband circuitry804 may include a digital baseband interface to communicate with the RFcircuitry 806.

In some dual-mode embodiments, a separate radio IC circuitry may beprovided for processing signals for each spectrum, although the scope ofthe embodiments is not limited in this respect.

In some embodiments, the synthesizer circuitry 806 d may be afractional-N synthesizer or a fractional N/N+1 synthesizer, although thescope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect as other typesof frequency synthesizers may be suitable. For example, synthesizercircuitry 806 d may be a delta-sigma synthesizer, a frequencymultiplier, or a synthesizer comprising a phase-locked loop with afrequency divider.

The synthesizer circuitry 806 d may be configured to synthesize anoutput frequency for use by the mixer circuitry 806 a of the RFcircuitry 806 based on a frequency input and a divider control input. Insome embodiments, the synthesizer circuitry 806 d may be a fractionalN/N+1 synthesizer.

In some embodiments, frequency input may be provided by a voltagecontrolled oscillator (VCO), although that is not a requirement. Dividercontrol input may be provided by either the baseband circuitry 804 orthe application circuitry 802 depending on the desired output frequency.In some embodiments, a divider control input (e.g., N) may be determinedfrom a look-up table based on a channel indicated by the applicationcircuitry 802.

Synthesizer circuitry 806 d of the RF circuitry 806 may include adivider, a delay-locked loop (DLL), a multiplexer and a phaseaccumulator. In some embodiments, the divider may be a dual modulusdivider (DMD) and the phase accumulator may be a digital phaseaccumulator (DPA). In some embodiments, the DMD may be configured todivide the input signal by either N or N+1 (e.g., based on a carry out)to provide a fractional division ratio. In some example embodiments, theDLL may include a set of cascaded, tunable, delay elements, a phasedetector, a charge pump and a D-type flip-flop. In these embodiments,the delay elements may be configured to break a VCO period up into Ndequal packets of phase, where Nd is the number of delay elements in thedelay line. In this way, the DLL provides negative feedback to helpensure that the total delay through the delay line is one VCO cycle.

In some embodiments, synthesizer circuitry 806 d may be configured togenerate a carrier frequency as the output frequency, while in otherembodiments, the output frequency may be a multiple of the carrierfrequency (e.g., twice the carrier frequency, four times the carrierfrequency) and used in conjunction with quadrature generator and dividercircuitry to generate multiple signals at the carrier frequency withmultiple different phases with respect to each other. In someembodiments, the output frequency may be a LO frequency (fLO). In someembodiments, the RF circuitry 806 may include an IQ/polar converter.

FEM circuitry 808 may include a receive signal path which may includecircuitry configured to operate on RF signals received from one or moreantennas 810, amplify the received signals and provide the amplifiedversions of the received signals to the RF circuitry 806 for furtherprocessing. FEM circuitry 808 may also include a transmit signal pathwhich may include circuitry configured to amplify signals fortransmission provided by the RF circuitry 806 for transmission by one ormore of the one or more antennas 810.

In some embodiments, the FEM circuitry 808 may include a TX/RX switch toswitch between transmit mode and receive mode operation. The FEMcircuitry may include a receive signal path and a transmit signal path.The receive signal path of the FEM circuitry may include a low-noiseamplifier (LNA) to amplify received RF signals and provide the amplifiedreceived RF signals as an output (e.g., to the RF circuitry 806). Thetransmit signal path of the FEM circuitry 808 may include a poweramplifier (PA) to amplify input RF signals (e.g., provided by RFcircuitry 806), and one or more filters to generate RF signals forsubsequent transmission (e.g., by one or more of the one or moreantennas 810).

In some embodiments, the UE device 800 may include additional elementssuch as memory/storage, display, camera, sensor, and/or input/output(I/O) interface.

In various examples, the operations discussed herein may be implementedas hardware (e.g., circuitry), software, firmware, microcode, orcombinations thereof, which may be provided as a computer programproduct, e.g., including a tangible (e.g., non-transitory)machine-readable or computer-readable medium having stored thereoninstructions (or software procedures) used to program a computer toperform a process discussed herein. Also, the term “logic” may include,by way of example, software, hardware, or combinations of software andhardware. The machine-readable medium may include a storage device suchas those discussed herein.

Reference in the specification to “one example” or “an example” meansthat a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described inconnection with the example may be included in at least animplementation. The appearances of the phrase “in one example” invarious places in the specification may or may not be all referring tothe same example.

Also, in the description and claims, the terms “coupled” and“connected,” along with their derivatives, may be used. In someexamples, “connected” may be used to indicate that two or more elementsare in direct physical or electrical contact with each other. “Coupled”may mean that two or more elements are in direct physical or electricalcontact. However, “coupled” may also mean that two or more elements maynot be in direct contact with each other, but may still cooperate orinteract with each other.

Thus, although examples have been described in language specific tostructural features and/or methodological acts, it is to be understoodthat claimed subject matter may not be limited to the specific featuresor acts described. Rather, the specific features and acts are disclosedas sample forms of implementing the claimed subject matter.

It is well understood that the use of personally identifiableinformation should follow privacy policies and practices that aregenerally recognized as meeting or exceeding industry or governmentalrequirements for maintaining the privacy of users. In particular,personally identifiable information data should be managed and handledso as to minimize risks of unintentional or unauthorized access or use,and the nature of authorized use should be clearly indicated to users.

For one or more aspects, at least one of the components set forth in oneor more of the preceding figures may be configured to perform one ormore operations, techniques, processes, or methods as set forth in theexample section below. For example, the baseband circuitry as describedabove in connection with one or more of the preceding figures may beconfigured to operate in accordance with one or more of the examples setforth below. For another example, circuitry associated with a UE, basestation, or network element as described above in connection with one ormore of the preceding figures may be configured to operate in accordancewith one or more of the examples set forth below in the example section.

Examples

In the following sections, further exemplary aspects are provided.

Example 1 includes a method of operating a UE, the method comprising:determining that the UE is configured with a number of packet filtersfor a plurality of protocol data unit (PDU) sessions; determining thatUE includes insufficient resources to process the number of packetfilters for the plurality of PDU sessions; generating a PDU sessionmessage based on determination that the UE includes insufficientresources; and transmitting the PDU session message to a network.

Example 2 includes the method of example 1 or some other example herein,wherein the PDU session message is a PDU session modification request.

Example 3 includes the method of example 2 or some other example herein,wherein the PDU session modification request includes a cause value setto indicate insufficient resources available for packet filtering.

Example 4 includes the method of example 2 or some other example herein,wherein the PDU session modification request is to indicate a maximumnumber of supported packet filters.

Example 5 includes the method of example 4 or some other example herein,wherein the maximum number is a first maximum number and the methodfurther comprises: advertising, before generation and transmission ofthe PDU session modification request, a second maximum number ofsupported packet filters, the second maximum number being less than thefirst maximum number.

Example 6 includes the method of example 2 or some other example herein,wherein the PDU session modification request is to include a quality ofservice (QoS) information element (IE) to indicate one or more QoS rulesthe UE will continue to process.

Example 7 includes the method of example 1 or some other example herein,wherein the PDU session message is a PDU session release request and themethod further comprises: identifying at least one PDU session of theplurality of PDU sessions based on relative priorities associated withthe plurality of PDU sessions; and generating and transmitting the PDUsession release request to release the at least one PDU session.

Example 8 includes a method comprising: storing prioritizationinformation; establishing a plurality of protocol data unit (PDU)sessions; determining, based on the prioritization information,respective priorities for individual PDU sessions of the plurality ofPDU sessions; determining a configuration order based on the respectivepriorities; and configuring packet filtering rules for at least some ofthe plurality of PDU sessions based on the configuration order.

Example 9 includes the method of example 8 or some other example herein,wherein the prioritization information is to prioritize PDU sessionsbased on a type of network slice or a type of network traffic.

Example 10 includes the method of example 9 or some other exampleherein, wherein the prioritization information is to prioritize PDUsessions based on a type of network slice and the method comprisesdetermining respective priorities for individual PDU sessions based onsingle-network slice selection identifiers associated with theindividual PDU sessions.

Example 11 includes the method of example 9 or some other exampleherein, wherein the prioritization information is to prioritize PDUsessions based on a type of network traffic, wherein voice and videotypes of network traffic are associated with a priority that is greaterthan other types of network traffic.

Example 12 includes the method of example 8 or some other exampleherein, further comprising: receiving one or more PDU sessionestablishment accept messages from a network; and storing theprioritization information in the memory based on the one or more PDUsession establishment accept messages.

Example 13 includes the method comprising: determining a maximum numberof supported packet filters; determining a number of supported packetfilters for a first protocol data unit (PDU) session based on themaximum number of supported packet filters and a number of supported PDUsessions, a number of active PDU sessions, or a previous configurationof packet filters for a second PDU session; and transmitting anindication of the number of supported packet filters for the first PDUsession.

Example 14 includes the method of example 13 or some other exampleherein, wherein determining the number of supported packet filters forthe first PDU session is based on the maximum number of supported packetfilters divided equally among a number of supported PDU sessions.

Example 15 includes the method of example 13 or some other exampleherein, wherein determining the number of supported packet filters forthe first PDU session is based on the maximum number of supported packetfilters divided among a number of active PDU sessions.

Example 16 includes the method of example 15 or some other exampleherein, further comprising: transmitting a PDU session modificationprocedure to update a previous indication of a number of supportedpacket filters based on an update of the number of active PDU sessions.

Example 17 includes the method of example 13 or some other exampleherein, wherein determining the number of supported packet filters forthe first PDU session is based on a previous configuration of packetfilters for a second PDU session.

Example 18 includes the method of example 17 or some other exampleherein, wherein the first and second PDU sessions are of a first typeand the method further comprises: determining that a network configureda first number of packet filters for the second PDU session; anddetermining that the number of supported packet filters for the firstPDU session is the first number based on both the first and second PDUsessions being of the first type.

Example 19 includes a method of operating a UE, the method comprising:generating a message to include an indication of whether the UE supportsone or more traffic descriptors that may be configured in a UE routeselection policy (URSP) or access traffic steering, switching, andsplitting (ATSSS) policy rules; and transmitting the message to anetwork.

Example 20 includes the method of example 19 or some other exampleherein, wherein the message is a non-access stratum registration requestmessage.

Example 21 includes the method of example 19 or some other exampleherein, wherein the one or more traffic descriptors includes adomain-based traffic descriptor, application identifier (ID) basedtraffic descriptor, connection-capability based traffic descriptor,IP-based traffic descriptor, or non-IP-based traffic descriptor.

Example 22 includes the method of example 19 or some other exampleherein, wherein the indication is a first indication and the methodfurther comprises transmitting a second indication to the network toindicate a number of ATSSS policy rules the UE can handle.

Example 23 includes the method of example 22 or some other exampleherein, further comprising generating the message to include the firstand second indications.

Example 24 may include an apparatus comprising means to perform one ormore elements of a method described in or related to any of examples1-23, or any other method or process described herein.

Example 25 may include one or more non-transitory computer-readablemedia comprising instructions to cause an electronic device, uponexecution of the instructions by one or more processors of theelectronic device, to perform one or more elements of a method describedin or related to any of examples 1-23, or any other method or processdescribed herein.

Example 26 may include an apparatus comprising logic, modules, orcircuitry to perform one or more elements of a method described in orrelated to any of examples 1-23, or any other method or processdescribed herein.

Example 27 may include a method, technique, or process as described inor related to any of examples 1-23, or portions or parts thereof.

Example 28 may include an apparatus comprising: one or more processorsand one or more computer-readable media comprising instructions that,when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or moreprocessors to perform the method, techniques, or process as described inor related to any of examples 1-23, or portions thereof.

Example 29 may include a signal as described in or related to any ofexamples 1-23, or portions or parts thereof.

Example 30 may include a datagram, information element, packet, frame,segment, PDU, or message as described in or related to any of examples1-23, or portions or parts thereof, or otherwise described in thepresent disclosure.

Example 31 may include a signal encoded with data as described in orrelated to any of examples 1-23, or portions or parts thereof, orotherwise described in the present disclosure.

Example 32 may include a signal encoded with a datagram, IE, packet,frame, segment, PDU, or message as described in or related to any ofexamples 1-23, or portions or parts thereof, or otherwise described inthe present disclosure.

Example 33 may include an electromagnetic signal carryingcomputer-readable instructions, wherein execution of thecomputer-readable instructions by one or more processors is to cause theone or more processors to perform the method, techniques, or process asdescribed in or related to any of examples 1-23, or portions thereof.

Example 34 may include a computer program comprising instructions,wherein execution of the program by a processing element is to cause theprocessing element to carry out the method, techniques, or process asdescribed in or related to any of examples 1-23, or portions thereof.

Example 35 may include a signal in a wireless network as shown anddescribed herein.

Example 36 may include a method of communicating in a wireless networkas shown and described herein.

Example 37 may include a system for providing wireless communication asshown and described herein.

Example 38 may include a device for providing wireless communication asshown and described herein.

Any of the above-described examples may be combined with any otherexample (or combination of examples), unless explicitly statedotherwise. The foregoing description of one or more implementationsprovides illustration and description, but is not intended to beexhaustive or to limit the scope of aspects to the precise formdisclosed. Modifications and variations are possible in light of theabove teachings or may be acquired from practice of various aspects.

Although the aspects above have been described in considerable detail,numerous variations and modifications will become apparent to thoseskilled in the art once the above disclosure is fully appreciated. It isintended that the following claims be interpreted to embrace all suchvariations and modifications.

What is claimed is:
 1. One or more non-transitory, computer-readablemedia having instructions that, when executed, cause a user equipment(UE) to: determine that the UE is configured with a number of packetfilters for a plurality of protocol data unit (PDU) sessions; determinethat UE includes insufficient resources to process the number of packetfilters for the plurality of PDU sessions; generate a PDU sessionmessage based on determination that the UE includes insufficientresources; and transmit the PDU session message to a network.
 2. The oneor more non-transitory, computer-readable media of claim 1, wherein thePDU session message is a PDU session modification request.
 3. The one ormore non-transitory, computer-readable media of claim 2, wherein the PDUsession modification request includes a cause value set to indicateinsufficient resources available for packet filtering.
 4. The one ormore non-transitory, computer-readable media of claim 2, wherein the PDUsession modification request is to indicate a maximum number ofsupported packet filters.
 5. The one or more non-transitory,computer-readable media of claim 4, wherein the maximum number is afirst maximum number and the instructions, when executed, further causethe UE to: advertise, before generation and transmission of the PDUsession modification request, a second maximum number of supportedpacket filters, the second maximum number being less than the firstmaximum number.
 6. The one or more non-transitory, computer-readablemedia of claim 2, wherein the PDU session modification request is toinclude a quality of service (QoS) information element (IE) to indicateone or more QoS rules the UE will continue to process.
 7. The one ormore non-transitory, computer-readable media of claim 1, wherein the PDUsession message is a PDU session release request and the instructions,when executed, further cause the UE to: identify at least one PDUsession of the plurality of PDU sessions based on relative prioritiesassociated with the plurality of PDU sessions; and generate and transmitthe PDU session release request to release the at least one PDU session.8. An apparatus comprising: memory to store prioritization information;processing circuitry, coupled with the memory, the processing circuitryto: establish a plurality of protocol data unit (PDU) sessions;determine, based on the prioritization information, respectivepriorities for individual PDU sessions of the plurality of PDU sessions;determine a configuration order based on the respective priorities; andconfigure packet filtering rules for at least some of the plurality ofPDU sessions based on the configuration order.
 9. The apparatus of claim8, wherein the prioritization information is to prioritize PDU sessionsbased on a type of network slice or a type of network traffic.
 10. Theapparatus of claim 9, wherein the prioritization information is toprioritize PDU sessions based on a type of network slice and theprocessing circuitry is to determine respective priorities forindividual PDU sessions based on single-network slice selectionidentifiers associated with the individual PDU sessions.
 11. Theapparatus of claim 9, wherein the prioritization information is toprioritize PDU sessions based on a type of network traffic, whereinvoice and video types of network traffic are associated with a prioritythat is greater than other types of network traffic.
 12. The apparatusof claim 8, wherein the processing circuitry is to receive one or morePDU session establishment accept messages from a network; and store theprioritization information in the memory based on the one or more PDUsession establishment accept messages.
 13. A method comprising:determining a maximum number of supported packet filters; determining anumber of supported packet filters for a first protocol data unit (PDU)session based on the maximum number of supported packet filters and anumber of supported PDU sessions, a number of active PDU sessions, or aprevious configuration of packet filters for a second PDU session; andtransmit an indication of the number of supported packet filters for thefirst PDU session.
 14. The method of claim 13, wherein determining thenumber of supported packet filters for the first PDU session is based onthe maximum number of supported packet filters divided equally among anumber of supported PDU sessions.
 15. The method of claim 13, whereindetermining the number of supported packet filters for the first PDUsession is based on the maximum number of supported packet filtersdivided among a number of active PDU sessions.
 16. The method of claim15, further comprising: transmitting a PDU session modificationprocedure to update a previous indication of a number of supportedpacket filters based on an update of the number of active PDU sessions.17. The method of claim 13, wherein determining the number of supportedpacket filters for the first PDU session is based on a previousconfiguration of packet filters for a second PDU session.
 18. The methodof claim 17, wherein the first and second PDU sessions are of a firsttype and the method further comprises: determining that a networkconfigured a first number of packet filters for the second PDU session;and determining that the number of supported packet filters for thefirst PDU session is the first number based on both the first and secondPDU sessions being of the first type.
 19. One or more non-transitory,computer-readable media having instructions that, when executed by oneor more processors, cause a user equipment (UE) to: generate a messageto include an indication of whether the UE supports one or more trafficdescriptors that may be configured in a UE route selection policy (URSP)or access traffic steering, switching, and splitting (ATSSS) policyrules; and transmit the message to a network.
 20. The one or morenon-transitory, computer-readable media of claim 19, wherein the messageis a non-access stratum registration request message.
 21. The one ormore non-transitory, computer-readable media of claim 19, wherein theone or more traffic descriptors includes a domain-based trafficdescriptor, application identifier (ID) based traffic descriptor,connection-capability based traffic descriptor, Internet protocol(IP)-based traffic descriptor, or non-IP-based traffic descriptor. 22.The one or more non-transitory, computer-readable media of claim 19,wherein the indication is a first indication and the instructions, whenexecuted, further cause the UE to: transmit a second indication to thenetwork to indicate a number of ATSSS policy rules the UE can handle.23. The one or more non-transitory, computer-readable media of claim 22,wherein the instructions further cause the UE to generate the message toinclude the first and second indications.